Hidden Dangers of Heat Waves

When I think of heat waves I usually imagine a few extremely hot days, but it turns out that the danger is much more complicated than that. According to Heatwave characteristics and health impacts: a review of epidemiological evidence and implications for heatwave response plans (Kyriaki Psistaki, 2025) not all heat waves are created equal, and some are much more deadly than others.

This article examines how heatwave characteristics (not only temperature, but also duration, timing and sequence) can be a detriment to human health. The main research question asks which factors of heatwaves are most responsible for the increase in mortality rates and illness. The authors reviewed 23 past studies and compared each of their findings about features of heatwaves and health. Of these studies, 18 of them tested both duration and temperature, while 9 of them tested both timing and duration. The overall data indicates that the most detrimental heat waves were very hot, lasted for many days, and occurred at the beginning of the summer, which is when people are the least adapted to hot summer temperatures. They also found that back to back heatwaves pose a greater risk, especially in older people who are already more susceptible to health issues.

The information in this article is important since heatwaves are becoming increasingly common, posing a danger to many people. The authors’ findings can be used to help communities detect and prepare for harmful heat waves. Because the characteristics of heatwaves vary significantly, simple alert systems that only predict high temperatures could overlook potentially dangerous heat waves. Knowing that early season and consecutive heat waves can be more dangerous, for example, can ensure communities and residents take the proper precautions, such as using cooling systems and staying hydrated.

Overall, the research proves one thing: the effects of extreme heart are complex, and our plans for prevention must also be complex. By understanding the full picture, we can protect ourselves and our peers who are vulnerable to heat waves.